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In pictures: Myanmar’s timber elephants

Will Myanmar’s elephants and their handlers, who have endured kingdoms and military dictatorships, survive democracy?

In Myanmar(***)s challenging jungle terrain, elephants are the ideal form of transport during the monsoon season.
By Tiffany Ang
Published On 30 Oct 2013

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Every morning at the break of dawn, Zaw Win and his team herd their elephants across the sweeping forest floor down to the riverbank. They scrub and clean the mighty mammals before harnessing them to begin their day’s work. Zaw Win, a third-generation oozie (Burmese for “elephant handler”) keeps a close eye on his animals – which are his livelihood.

Decades of military dictatorship has meant that many aspects of Myanmar are frozen in time. One of those traditions dates back thousands of years – the timber elephant.

But will the elephants and their handlers, who have survived kingdoms and military dictatorships, survive democracy and the open market? Is there a place for them in a changing modern world?

Myanmar is the only country remaining in Southeast Asia to use elephants for timber logging. Heavy machinery destroys far more of the forest.
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There are approximately 5,000 captive elephants in Myanmar, with 2,861 of them belonging to a single government logging agency, the Myanma Timber Enterprise.
Tusker Swe Kyaw Htay was one of the last elephants caught from the wild. Today he is one of the most obedient timber elephants owned by Myanma Timber Enterprise.
Every morning, oozies at Thayet San base camp bring their elephants down to the river for a good scrub.
The daily bath is important for a timber elephant(***)s hygiene and also reinforces the bond between oozie, elephant handler, and animal.
A male elephant is ready for a medical inspection. Vets will check his tongue for signs of anaemia.
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Forest cover in Myanmar has dropped to below 30 percent, and the government is taking drastic measures to protect its jungles from deforestation and illegal logging.
With Myanmar drastically reducing logging, timber elephants will be given lighter duties and some may be sent back into the wild.
Myanmar will have a complete ban on raw timber exports from April 1, 2014 and will reduce logging by 50 percent, putting privately owned timber elephants out of work.
Elephant activists are concerned that out-of-work timber elephants may be used as tourist attractions, much like the rare white elephants in Yangon(***)s Royal White Elephant Park.